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Resistance wires that convert electrical energy into heat energy are called "resistances" or heating elements. In heating devices, the wires that generate heat are the resistances. They exhibit high resistivity and great thermal resistance (up to 1400 degrees). They are generally made of iron (Fe) alloys containing chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al), and nickel (Ni), but are commonly known as chrome-nickel wire.
Resistance wire is a type of alloy composed of metals in various proportions, with diverse areas of use. It takes its name from being used as a heating wire in heating elements. Resistance wire exhibits resistance against electric current.
The word resistance, in general, can be defined as "opposition to a force." In electricity and electronics, resistance is the property of a substance to oppose the flow of current when a voltage is applied across its ends. Briefly, the difficulty encountered by an electric current is called RESISTANCE. Resistance is represented by the letter "R" or "r", and its unit is the ohm (Ω).
The calculation for the resistance wire to be used is made according to the power of the heater to be designed. The following formulas are used: To find the cross-section: S= d²/1.27. To find the length: L = R x S/Ф. S = Cross-section (mm2), d = Diameter (mm), L = Length (m), R = Resistance (Ω), Ф = Resistivity (For chrome-nickel wire, take 1.1 Ω×mm2/m).
PET raw material starts to melt between 270-290°C depending on product quality. This heat must be maintained in hot runners and nozzles. A low-quality heater becomes unable to provide these temperatures over time or fails due to constant temperature fluctuations.